LDES Competitive Factor Matrix
| Functional Performance | |
| Competitive Factor | Definition |
| Energy Rating (MWh) | Rated energy capacity |
| Power Rating (MW) | Rated charge/discharge power capacity of the system. Specify if charge & discharge ratings differ. |
| Minimum feasible energy rating (MWh) | Smallest feasible energy rating based on current technology |
| Minimum feasible power rating (MW) | Smallest feasible power rating based on current technology |
| Maximum feasible energy rating (MWh) | Largest feasible energy rating based on current technology |
| Minimum feasible power rating (MW) | Smallest feasible power rating based on current technology |
| Nominal discharge duration (h) | Time for the system to discharge at the designed power rating (Energy capacity/power rating). |
| Round trip efficiency | Ratio of energy discharged from the system from a starting state of charge to the energy received to bring the system to the same starting charge. |
| Includes all losses within the system boundary (Use-Case Dependent) | |
| Operational Life (Yrs) | Maximum designed years of operation prior to removal from service |
| Degradation Rate (% Energy Capacity Change/Cycle) | Rate at which the energy capacity of the ESS degrades. |
| Rate is dependent on Ambient Conditions, Depth of Discharge, Charge Rate, Discharge Rate. | |
| Ramp rate (%rated power/hr) | The speed at which storage can increase or decrease input/output |
| Response time from off state (h) | Response time from off state (h) |
| Response time from active state (h) | Time required for a system to output (or input) energy at full rated power from idle condition (state value of assumed idle, e.g., 10% of rated power) |
| Power Capacity De-Rating Factor (%) | A de-rate factor applied to either the charge/discharge power of a system based on charge status, weather, etc. Example: the de-rating of a systems peak charging power based on a 80% charge status |
| Expected Downtime (frequency & hr) | Disruption to service for maintenance or for other events; frequency and duration of expected downtime |
| Operating temperature range (C) | Temperatures that the system can operate at stated efficiencies without requiring auxiliary support |
| Operating Voltage range (V) | Voltages that the system can operate at stated efficiencies without requiring auxiliary support |
| Operating Current range(I) | Current that the system can operate at stated efficiencies without requiring auxiliary support |
| Operating Power Quality Requirement | Power quality that the system can operate at stated efficiencies without requiring auxiliary support |
| Auxiliary Energy Consumption (kWh/yr) | Annual consumption of electricity for lighting, controls, etc. systems beyond energy use reflected in RTE calculation |
| Intended Use Case(s) | Use cases of the system intended by the manufacturer. (Grid and non-grid applications) E.g ability to charge/discharge simultaneously, support ancillary services, and contribute to black start, droop, frequency, reactive power, energy arbitrage, delivery heat to industrial processes etc. |
| Infrastructure | |
| Footprint (m2/MWh) | Amount of land required to deploy 1 unit energy capacity of the ESS |
| Environment and Safety | |
| Lower Flammability Limit (g/m3) | Minimum concentration at which substance is flammable at a given temperature and pressure |
| Toxicity (mg/kWh) | Toxicity of active (or most active) material in the energy storage system |
| Radioactivity (Curie) | The frequency of radioactive decay produced by a given amount of material |
| Population Proximity Restrictions (e.g. meters from structure) | Restriction(s) on the locations/proximity to populations the ESS system can be located at (e.g. system cannot be located within 0.5 miles of population center) |
| Environmental Impact | Will the system be negatively intrusive in the natural environment in which it is situated (water consumption, soil erosion, form-factor, etc.) |
| Catastrophic Event Safety Considerations | Safety, cleanup, and total (community, environmental) impact mitigation considerations in a catastrophic event |
| System Security (Highly vulnerable - Nearly Invulnerable) | The vulnerabilities of a system to damage by human or natural causes, particularly as it may result in a loss of function or pose a safety risk. Examples are damage from extreme weather events, arson, or damage from theft of valuable components. Considerations include equipment, housing materials, and workforce to protect the system from damage |
| Lifecycle GHG Emissions (CO2_eq/kWh over lifetime) | CO2 equivalent emissions per energy capacity of storage technology over lifecycle: Material sourcing, processing and manufacturing, distribution, usage, end of life |
| Manufacturing and Supply Chain | |
| Supply Chain Security (Highly vulnerable - Nearly Invulnerable) | The vulnerabilities of a system supply chain, including storage and power components, to disruption via material shortage, pandemic, natural disaster, global catastrophe, war, etc. |
| Ease of Use/Complexity | |
| Controls/communication Interoperability | Storage system adheres to interoperability standards and has demonstrated correct interaction with utility control systems and the storage internal control systems (EMS to BMS) |
| Technology Readiness Level (#) | Level of technology maturity and readiness for commercialization (1-9 scale) |
| Delivered Cost | |
| Storage Block Cost ($/kWh) | Cost of the energy component of the ESS on a unit energy basis |
| Storage Balance of System Cost ($/kWh) | Additional equipment costs for supporting the storage block |
| Storage System Cost ($/kWh) | Sum of Storage Block Cost and Storage Balance of System Cost |
| Power Equipment Cost ($/kW) | Power conversion system equipment for both charging and discharging |
| Controls & Communication Cost ($/kW) | Ease of Use/Complexity |
| System Integration Cost ($/kWh) | Cost associated with integrating system components into a cohesive system and integrating the system into the deployment site |
| Energy Storage System Cost ($/kWh) | Sum of Storage System Cost, Power Equipment cost, Controls & Communication Cost, and System Integration cost |
| Engineering, Procurement, & Construction Cost ($/kWh) | Single occurrence engineering and construction costs. Includes siting, installation and commissioning. |
| Project Development Cost ($/kWh) | Permitting, PPA, interconnection agreement, site control, and financing costs |
| Grid Integration Cost ($/kW) | Cost for connecting to the grid including hardware |
| Fixed O&M Cost ($/kW-year) | Costs necessary to keep the storage system operational throughout its life that do not fluctuate based on energy throughput. |
| Variable O&M Cost ($/kWh) | Costs necessary to keep the storage system operational throughout its life that fluctuate based on energy throughput |
| Warranty Cost ($/kWh-year) | Fees to maintain equipment warranties |
| Insurance Cost ($/kWh) | Insurance fees to cover risks |
| Operating Costs ($/kWh) | Sum of Fixed O&M, Variable O&M, Warranty, and Insurance Costs |
| Disconnection Cost ($/kWh) | Costs associated with the disconnection from the grid |
| Disassembly/Removal Cost ($/kWh) | Costs associated with removing the equipment from the site |
| Site Remediation Cost ($/kWh) | Costs associated with remediating the project site |
| Recycling/Disposal Cost ($/kWh) | Costs associated with recycling materials of the ESS |
| Decommissioning Costs ($/kWh) | Sum of Disconnection, Disassembly, Site Remediation, and Recycling Costs |
| Total Installed Costs ($/kWh) | Sum of Energy Storage System Cost, Operating Costs, Decommissioning Costs, EPC Costs, Project Development Costs, and Grid Integration Costs |
|
LCOSNT |
The average $/kWh value that energy discharged from a T hr storage system must be sold at to recover total project revenue requirements over a N year analysis period |
| Methodology | |